FILE kirin.lineage.2014–2023 · EXPOSURE N28→N5→N7
A Decade of Mobile Silicon · 2014 → 2023

From Kirin 910 to 9000 — and the line that would have been next.

HiSilicon was Huawei’s in-house chip team. It started as an ASIC group inside an equipment company and ended, briefly, as a top-ten global semiconductor designer. Each Kirin generation took a step into a smaller node and a richer feature set — until the foundry door closed in September 2020 and the lineage stopped on a chip called the 9000.

TSMC fabrication SMIC fabrication (post-sanctions) Industry first World first All process nodes · FinFET unless noted
2014
CPU/GPU/MEM
910 Hi3630
H1 2014
28nm HPM
TSMC
CPU4× Cortex-A9 @1.6GHz
GPUMali-450 MP4
ModemCat-4 LTE on-die
First in-house Huawei flagship SoC
2015
A72 / Mali-T880
950
NOV 2015 · MATE 8
16nm FF+
TSMC
CPU4× A72 + 4× A53
GPUMali-T880 MP4
ISPDual ISP, depth sense
World’s first commercial Cortex-A72 SoC
2016
A73 / Mali-G71
960
Q4 2016 · MATE 9
16nm FFC
TSMC
CPU4× A73 + 4× A53
GPUMali-G71 MP8
ModemCat-12/13 LTE
Process refinement, no node shrink
2017
NPU + Cambricon NPU
970
SEP 2017 · MATE 10
10nm FF+
TSMC
NPUCambricon-derived 1.92 TOPS
CPU4× A73 + 4× A53
GPUMali-G72 MP12
Among first mobile SoCs with on-die AI
2018
NPU NPU 7nm · Dual NPU
980
AUG 2018 · MATE 20
7nm FinFET
TSMC
NPUDual NPU, ~6 TOPS
CPU2× A76 + 2× A76 + 4× A55
ModemLTE Cat-21
First commercially announced 7nm phone SoC — beat Apple A12 by 12 days
2019
5G NPU×2 7nm+ EUV · 5G SoC
990 5G
SEP 2019 · MATE 30
7nm+ EUV
TSMC
ModemBalong 5000 5G integrated
NPUDa Vinci, 2 big + 1 tiny core
Transistors10.3 billion
First 5G SoC on EUV lithography
2020
5G+ISP NPU×3 Mali-G78 MP24 15.3 BILLION TR
9000
OCT 2020 · MATE 40 PRO
5nm+ EUV
TSMC · LAST RUN
CPU1× A77 @3.13 + 3× A77 + 4× A55
GPUMali-G78 MP24 (24-core)
NPUDa Vinci 2.0, 2 big + 1 tiny
Transistors15.3 billion
First 5nm SoC with integrated 5G modem
15 SEPTEMBER 2020
The foundry door
closes.
U.S. Foreign Direct Product Rule cuts Huawei off from any chip made with American equipment. TSMC ships its last Kirin 9000 wafers and stops.
— LINEAGE BREAK —
The Cliff · 5 nm → silence

One generation of leading-edge silicon, then nothing.

The Kirin 9000 was, by any external benchmark, a chip that belonged in 2020’s front rank. It carried 15.3 billion transistors, a 24-core Mali-G78, an integrated 5G modem, and three NPU cores. It was the first 5 nm phone SoC in the world to ship with 5G on-die.

It was also, by 7 December 2020, the last new chip Huawei would launch in any flagship phone for almost three years. The May 2020 amendment to the U.S. Foreign Direct Product Rule barred TSMC — and any foundry using American tools — from accepting Huawei orders. By mid-September TSMC’s last shipments had run. HiSilicon kept its design teams. The fabrication path stopped.

Huawei’s smartphone unit, briefly the world’s largest in Q2 2020 by units shipped, fell out of the global top five within a year.

Process node travelled
28 → 5 nm
Six full process generations in six years — the same cadence as Apple’s A-series.
Transistor count, K910 → K9000
~15×
From roughly 1B to 15.3B transistors per die.
HiSilicon Q1 2020 revenue
$2.7B
First mainland Chinese firm in the global top-ten semiconductor table by revenue.
Generations on TSMC
7 / 7
Every flagship Kirin from 910 through 9000 was fabricated in Hsinchu.
Taishan v120
SMIC N+2

The lineage resumes, on different silicon.

On 29 August 2023, with no announcement, Huawei put the Mate 60 Pro on sale in mainland China. Inside it was the Kirin 9000S — fabricated by SMIC on a 7 nm-class process derived from DUV multipatterning, three years and two nodes behind where the 9000 had been. The chip was slower. It existed. The catch-up project that the 2020 cliff was supposed to halt had survived the cliff.